Self-Designed Fictitious Study Utilizes Statistical Methodologies

Question: Portray about members in a Leadership Training Program Rated as Better Managers Compared to Those Who don't? Answer: Authority preparing program is really a significant expert preparing which really encourages people to develop the administration characteristics to really perform on a stately situation with sufficient oversight to manage the representatives to their committed work. In any case, there is consistently an inquiry that essentially emerge that is are the members in an authority preparing program appraised as better troughs contrasted with the individuals who don't. Actually it is a genuine and a significant angle that necessities significant research. It has been productively seen that the there is a tremendous distinction among pioneers and the executives. In each viewpoint both are not the same as one another. In any case, supervisors the individuals who dont partake in the initiative preparing program are they not all that effective to the individuals who participate. This investigation really expresses the essential needs and needs of contrasting the better administrators (Burns, 19 78). The article unmistakably clarifies each and every insights concerning the how administration preparing really separate the directors the individuals who have not taken the preparation program. Experience additionally assumes a key job making supervisors a productive pioneer who can really play the pioneers job to support the representatives inspiration and confidence and help them to commit them towards their work. In this way, the module unmistakably expresses every single advantages and disadvantages that is required in the administrative division and will possibly get out the significant questions on better supervisors. It really coordinates and fundamentally executes significant jobs and methods of how without the assistance of initiative preparing program better administrators are additionally made by understanding. Experience is one main consideration that expands the capability of an individual as opposed to preparing methodology and the capability of being a pioneer cum director without the preparation program is expressed in this module. Speculation A Hypothesis is an exploration made on a given theme. It is of various nature dependent on the necessity of the examination led by the specialist. It tends to be of illustrative in nature or might be of quantitative in nature. At the end of the day it is said to have an examination done on a given theme. Here in this report a speculation is done on a given subject of Participants in an initiative preparing program appraised better supervisors from the individuals who don't takes part in the administration. For finishing this theory a few investigations were made and polls were set up to gather information in regards to the given point. An invented informational collection is readied that shows how fifty representatives of a few associations were meet and a few unique outcomes were defined from the workers (Flynn Stack, 2006). The workers talked with were of a few situations in the associations running from representative level to the board level. For directing this theory an anecdota l theme was picked that brought up a few issues with respect to the handiness of the initiative preparing program for the administrators to be master in their field and contend individuals of a similar position in playing out a superior obligation. The whole report is talked about in a distinct way and a measurable investigation is done in the segment later on. Issue questions The examination or report manages the fundamental inquiry that how the authority preparing program is useful for the understudies to become effective chiefs (Tracy, 2014). The whole examination in the report manages the surveys introduced to the worker and directors of hardly any associations. The principle addresses that are examined in this report are as per the following: How regularly are the preparation individuals picked as a director? Are Participants of initiative projects better Mangers? Individual expertise improvement Scheme Is the Study valuable? How this examination is valuable for the understudies? Is Leadership preparing program supportive? Impact of initiative program on the directors. Impact of Leadership program on the organization. Procedure Research Design Research configuration is the blue print of the report that is made on an examination study. It is a technique for speaking to the exploration in a report way. Various techniques for explore are finished. Some of them are enlightening examination, informative and exploratory research. In this report the unmistakable technique is use to speak to the report since it requires an enormous base of information to finish this examination work (Giuliani Kurson, 2002). The report speaks to how the information are gathered and how it is utilized to finish the investigation as required finishing the speculation. Information assortment and examining Information assortment is one of the most significant strategies for a speculation. It builds the information base of the exploration to finish the necessary work. In this strategy the auxiliary information assortment method is utilized to gather information to build the information base (Safire Safir, 1990). The informational index arranged for finishing the exploration is invented in nature however manages a genuine universes issue. For finishing the examination a few inquiries were readied dependent on the given point and fifty cases were taken in thought as tests for making factors to finish the investigation. Information Analysis Information examination is the most entangled errand for any specialist. It is the most troublesome piece of any examination. In finishing this examination the factors from the informational collection are utilized to finish the factual investigation to get the result of the exploration on the given theme (Krueger, 2004). For leading the factual investigation SPSS programming is utilized were the factors are spoken to in tables and the measurable examination is finished with the assistance of the informational index. Here, in this report the connection between's the factors are found and the outcomes are spoken to in even structure and with the assistance of charts. Research constraint Each examination work has certain confinement. An analyst needs to follow the rules that are identified with the exploration work. The most significant restriction of an examination work is the time imperative for finishing the work. The time must be remembered while leading an examination study. Information Analysis Information investigation is the most significant piece of any examination done on a specific point. It is significant make the examination according to the prerequisite to get right outcome for the factors gathered from the informational index. For finishing the examination in this report SPSS programming is utilized and the information are controlled from the informational collection to finish the investigation. The examination done on the informational index is given underneath: Elucidating Statistics N Least Most extreme Mean Sexually transmitted disease. Deviation Age 50 1 4 2.24 .938 Sex 50 1 2 1.28 .454 Pay 50 2 4 2.90 .839 Are they were individual from the Leadership Training Program 50 1 5 2.38 1.086 Is Leadership preparing program accommodating? 50 1 5 2.68 1.096 Impact of authority program on the directors 50 1 5 2.74 .922 Impact of Leadership program on the organization 50 1 5 2.60 .969 Impact of authority program on the business 50 1 5 2.72 1.031 How this investigation is valuable for the understudies 50 1 5 2.88 1.118 Impacts on the representatives 50 1 5 2.26 1.084 Are the Subject valuable? 50 1 4 2.32 .891 Help in correspondence 50 1 4 2.44 .907 Individual ability improvement Scheme 50 1 5 2.76 1.041 Are Participants of authority programs better Mangers? 50 1 5 2.46 1.164 How frequently are the preparation individuals choosen as a chief? 50 1 5 2.62 1.048 Legitimate N (listwise) 50 Crosstabs Age * Are they were individual from the Leadership Training Program Crosstab Check Are they were individual from the Leadership Training Program Complete Firmly Agree Concur Unbiased Oppose this idea Firmly Disagree Age 20-30 3 3 5 4 0 15 30-40 2 6 1 1 0 10 40-50 6 8 6 2 1 23 50-60 1 0 0 1 0 2 Complete 12 17 12 8 1 50 Chi-Square Tests Worth df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 10.869a 12 .540 Probability Ratio 11.716 12 .469 Straight by-Linear Association .608 1 .436 N of Valid Cases 50 a. 16 cells (80.0%) have expected check under 5. The base expected check is .04. Symmetric Measures Worth Asymp. Sexually transmitted disease. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interim by Interval Pearson's R - .111 .153 - .777 .441c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation - .121 .152 - .848 .401c N of Valid Cases 50 a. Not expecting the invalid theory. b. Utilizing the asymptotic standard mistake expecting the invalid theory. c. In view of ordinary estimation. Age * Is Leadership preparing program supportive? Crosstab Tally Is Leadership preparing program supportive? All out Unequivocally Agree Concur Impartial Oppose this idea Unequivocally Disagree Age 20-30 2 4 4 4 1 15 30-40 2 3 4 1 0 10 40-50 3 9 8 2 1 23 50-60 0 0 0 1 1 2 All out 7 16 16 8 3 50 Chi-

Franz Joseph Haydn free essay sample

Franz Joseph Haydn is an author who raises the reasons and achievement of the Classical time frame. Potentially his most noteworthy accomplishment was the way that he built up and progressed from multiple points of view and the most huge sorted out idea in the journal of music. He was a stickler in the arrangement of desires viewed as sonata structure which had an enormous effect. In As numerous as many sonatas, stringed groups of four and orchestras, Franz broke both new ground and provided strong models, actually he was one of the makers of the principal types of the old style music. He Influenced later arrangers In an Immense way.His most eminent understudy, Beethoven was the Immediate beneficiary of Franz virtuoso melodic Imagination. Primes shadow lurks riches the music of certain authors Like Brahms, Schubert and Mendelssohn. Rhea most acknowledgeable accomplishment In Heydays formal skill can be said to be his comical inclination, his opinions for the eccentric, touch of class. We will compose a custom exposition test on Franz Joseph Haydn or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Orchestra number ninety four, where the arranger yanks the crowd individuals ho distinctively nod off during developments that are delayed in developments with Eden and unpredicted obstruction of a fortissimo harmony when a section of quietude happens. Haydn has delivered 340 hours more that Mozart, Beethoven, Bach or Handle has created. Haydn was a vigorous laborer who has a perpetual melodic creative mind and furthermore was productive. He was the last notable recipient of the respectable support of the framework that cultivated European melodic organization from the hour of the Renaissance. He was conceived in an Austrian town called Aurora and turned into a choirboy at the SST. Stephens Cathedral explore an early period of eight.Haydn carried on an effective and long life which yielded the products of his own innovativeness and difficult work before experiencing his dismal end. When the Stretchers presented their exercises of music in 1790, He was very notable wherever in Europeans viewed as the principal writer alive. Haydn quit forming in the year 1 803, from that point prorogued his relationship with a concise citation in music which contained the substance that his entire being was gone and that he was powerless and old.

The Proper Way to Learn How to Become a Better Essay Writer

The Proper Way to Learn How to Become a Better Essay WriterThere are a lot of books on writing essays and the like. I am not saying that these books can't help you. However, there are a lot of book reviews that criticize the book's content on these books which, after all, may be very well written and an excellent read, but could also lead to abuse and discouragement in learning.So, what should you do if you want to learn how to become a better essay writer? If you don't like reading books, you can always take a crash course on how to become a better essay writer by taking a class. With a class, you are assured of hands-on experience.Not only does this allow you to make sure that you understand the entire task, it also allows you to put yourself in a position where you know you have done your best. You can find out what parts of the entire writing process worked for you, and what parts didn't.Learning by doing is a great way to learn. By writing essays on your own, you are putting you r ideas down on paper, making sure that they are as effective as possible. When you do this, you will be able to gain the proper training and knowledge necessary for succeeding at this writing task.Since so many people spend so much time and effort with writing and can't seem to get anything of value out of it, how do you improve? If you really want to become a better essay writer, you must learn from the people who are already in the field. They will tell you how to become a better essay writer.Another great thing about making an effort to learn from others is that you are able to find yourself a mentor. Yes, it may take a little bit of time to find someone who can help you with your writing. When you find this person, the two of you can work together and improve your skill set.There are also many places online that you can take a look at for learning. Some are free, and some are paid. The best way to determine which one is best for you is to ask other people who have tried those c lasses or those courses which offer books on how to become a better essay writer.The best part about the learning process is that you have a chance to take control over your learning. You can decide what to focus on, when to take notes, and the amount of time that you need to devote to each section. This will greatly assist you in putting into practice what you have learned.

How to Write an Abstract For Your Research Paper

<h1>How to Write an Abstract For Your Research Paper</h1><p>Writing a theoretical for an examination paper is one of the most troublesome activities, however with the correct tips you will have the option to make a showstopper that stands apart from all the rest. In this article I am going to give you some extraordinary tips on the best way to compose a theoretical for your examination paper.</p><p></p><p>The first thing that you have to do is get a thought of the subject of your exploration paper. This will assist you with choosing what kind of paper you need to compose, and it can likewise assist you with getting a thought of the subject of your paper.</p><p></p><p>The next thing that you have to do is to conceptualize on a theoretical for your examination paper. Experience each section in your paper and attempt to think of a decent conceptual for each passage. You should have the option to depict your point in only a couple sentences.</p><p></p><p>The next thing that you have to do is to consider the feelings that you need to depict in your theoretical. You have to consider what you feel when you are in the circumstance, what might spur you to make a move in the examination paper, and you have to consider the feelings that you would have in the event that you were planning something comparable for what you are portraying in your abstract.</p><p></p><p>Once you have these thoughts on paper, you would now be able to begin composing your theoretical. Simply consider the points that you have recorded above, at that point compose what you feel about those topics.</p><p></p><p>Another great approach to compose a theoretical is to record your considerations on the subject of your paper. Simply list down the primary concerns of your paper and ensure that you accentuate those focuses. This can assist you with making a decent explor ation paper.</p><p></p><p>So you can see that composing a theoretical for an examination paper isn't excessively hard by any stretch of the imagination. You simply need to utilize some exploration on your theme and afterward concoct some fascinating words to depict it.</p>

5 Starts For Essay Writing

<h1>5 Starts For Essay Writing</h1><p>There are some fundamental things that understudies ought to do to guarantee they can accomplish 5 beginnings for article composing. The individuals who are curious about paper composing would think that its hard to accomplish a passing mark when composing an exposition. Here are some essential rules to assist you with prevailing in exposition writing.</p><p></p><p>Essays ought to be educational. They should respond to the inquiry 'what?' as such, an exposition that can't address the inquiry 'what?' won't be successful.</p><p></p><p>Read them resoundingly. A great many people don't compose a paper from start to finish. They don't set aside the effort to truly peruse their expositions resoundingly. In the event that you can peruse your paper from start to finish, at that point this will offer you the chance to re-read the exposition and make amendments where needed.</p><p&g t;</p><p>Read them so anyone might hear and pose inquiries. You ought to have the option to pose any inquiries you may have before presenting the task. Ensure that you pose inquiries during the initial barely any drafts. This will guarantee that you recognize what the article is about before the last draft.</p><p></p><p>Read the paper over once more. In the wake of doing the perusing from start to finish, set aside the effort to peruse it a subsequent time. Additionally ensure that you pose any inquiries you may have from the subsequent perusing. It will assist you with improving as an author and will permit you to be a superior paper writer.</p><p></p><p>Write a framework. A layout can spare you a ton of time and will assist you with knowing precisely what it is that you are doing. Ensure that you follow the blueprint when composing your essay.</p><p></p><p>Include a work in progress. At the point w hen you are finishing your framework, compose an unfinished version of your article. At that point, when you are done with your unfinished version, ensure you re-read it and roll out any improvements that you have to make to it.</p><p></p><p>Don't neglect to do the perusing all through the whole paper. When you have composed a framework, you should peruse it the same number of times as you have to. At that point, roll out any improvements you have to make and submit it.</p>

Evaluating Your Diet and Exercise Program With Evaluation Essay Examples

<h1>Evaluating Your Diet and Exercise Program With Evaluation Essay Examples</h1><p>Evaluating your eating regimen and exercise plan can be a tedious procedure. Assessing the consequences of these methods is critical to your general wellbeing and health. With the assistance of Evaluation Essay Examples, you can see the advantages and impacts that you are getting from your activity and diet programs.</p><p></p><p>Fasting: For the individuals who are attempting to get more fit or put on muscle, the fasting strategy may appear to be a smart thought. Be that as it may, fasting will likewise have negative impacts. Following a couple of long periods of fasting, it's conceivable that the body will start to utilize its own vitality rather than insulin.</p><p></p><p>Exercise: The fundamental advantage of practicing is that it will support the body's digestion. Nonetheless, the drawback to this is the body won't be consuming fat . On the off chance that you don't get enough exercise, the body will likewise not be consuming the calories that it utilized during the activity program.</p><p></p><p>Nutrition: Although the facts demonstrate that you ought to eat a fair eating regimen, this doesn't imply that you ought to do it without anyone else. Truth be told, now and again, sustenance is required regardless of whether you have an eating regimen plan. Having a decent eating regimen likewise assists with boosting the invulnerable framework. The safe framework should ward off destructive germs.</p><p></p><p>Oral Supplements: There are a wide range of sorts of oral enhancements that you can take. These oral enhancements can give a wide range of advantages, including rest and unwinding. Be that as it may, a portion of the enhancements may really hurt the body. On the off chance that you are taking such enhancements, it is imperative to check with your primary care phy sician before beginning any of the supplements.</p><p></p><p>GPS: GPS frameworks can truly help individuals. Be that as it may, it's critical to check with your PCP before utilizing GPS gadgets so as to maintain a strategic distance from any reactions from the GPS device.</p><p></p><p>Evaluating your eating regimen and exercise plan can be tedious. On the off chance that you need to show signs of improvement results, ensure that you assess your eating routine and exercise program ahead of time with the goal that you can take advantage of it.</p>

Extended Essay Topics

<h1>Extended Essay Topics</h1><p>It is significant for understudies to know the purposes behind picking IVD broadened article points and utilize the all-inclusive exposition to tell about the significance of their picked subject. I think it is an entirely important instructive device to search for a subject that can be talked about top to bottom and draw out the best from it. It is additionally an extremely accommodating plan to put together one's exposition with respect to the all-encompassing paper points as understudies need to write such that will be helpful to them just as the teacher or examiner.</p><p></p><p>For IVD understudies who need to become familiar with this subject, they have to realize that IB has a great deal of instructive offices to offer to understudies. The primary thing that you have to do before searching for an all-inclusive paper subject is to check which part of the IB educational program matches with your learning style. You can scan online for IB related locales where you can discover a ton of assets to assist you with picking a subject. A portion of the territories where you have to focus are science, science, and visual art.</p><p></p><p>You need to realize that IB offers various free IB courses to suit everybody's learning style. The IB online course expects individuals to utilize the IB Extended Essay stage. This is a stage created by IB so as to empower an understudy to assess their composing abilities. There are two kinds of articles. You can either decide to present your paper on the web or by hand.</p><p></p><p>If you are an understudy of IB, you have to pick either the choice which will furnish you with additionally composing adaptability or one that will have more spotlight on visual craftsmanship. Nonetheless, on the off chance that you pick the subsequent choice, you should adhere to some exacting directions on the most proficient m ethod to compose your essay.</p><p></p><p>You need to guarantee that you read the rules cautiously and follow the rules. It is additionally significant that you keep your paper simple.</p><p></p><p>In request to learn IB, you have to begin looking for good assets on the web. It is suggested that you don't enroll for the IVD course since they offer the IB and IBAP tests for the two individuals who have taken IB and IBAP courses and individuals who haven't.</p><p></p><p>In request to assist you with picking an IB exposition point, you have to search for the IB Extended Essay sites. These sites give you the IB Extended Essay options.</p><p></p><p>IB offers a few other helpful assets like IBAP (in the event that you take IBAP), online classes (on the off chance that you need to take classes from home) and furthermore look at different free composing guides. An understudy of IB can likewise se arch for other incredible assets online, for example, composing exercises for IB, examining tips and fascinating material.</p>

Top Problem Solution Essay Samples Ielts Secrets

<h1> Top Problem Solution Essay Samples Ielts Secrets </h1> <h2> The Chronicles of Problem Solution Essay Samples Ielts </h2> <p>You recollect your principal task is to convince, which implies that your perspective should be the underlying and impressively accommodating interestingly with others. You have found the theme you need, and now you may start depicting it. You at that point start inquiring about the theme. </p> <p>The perfect issue arrangement articles will make a sentiment of desperation and lead the peruser to get keen on comprehending the issue. You will discover a great deal of viable tips in our article. Moreover, when composing an article, it is in like manner basic to take a gander at picking a point that has a feasible or viable arrangement. In any case, attempt to select an unmistakable subject question and hold fast to it in your paper. </p> <p>Problem arrangement article customarily incorporates the method of tackling a wide range of issue where the essayist endeavors to examine some condition or issue, at that point the individual in question indicates a specific issue, and it's required to introduce some sort of arrangement or even a few of them. Before introducing the arrangement, a proposition essayist must verify that perusers know about what the issue is. A Proposed Solution Once the issue is set up, the creator must present and contend for a particular ar rangement. You must present the current issue to your perusers and clarify why it is a critical issue that needs an answer. </p> <p>Always give solid arrangement and clarify to your peruser why it's the ideal arrangement. Explain to your perusers why your answer is the best choice out of the remainder of the arrangements. The cure is the part that provisions a solid method to understand the issue. State issue and disclose why it should be made sense of. </p> <h2> Problem Solution Essay Samples Ielts Ideas</h2> <p>You may likewise be in a situation to locate some fascinating examples from your educator. An expanding number of body inquire about demonstrates that extensive stretches of physical inertia raise a likelihood of getting overweight. On the other side, expedient food doesn't rise to more advantageous food. When you get a solid postulation, the following activity is to make a presentation section. </p> <h2> The Honest to Goodness Truth on Problem Solution Essay Samples Ielts</h2> <p>You're expounding on something which implies something to you. There are a great deal of approaches to bait perusers in. On the 1 hand, it's comprehended that life will in general be to some degree occupied these days. Should you glance around, you're watch social difficulties that influence society every single day. </p> <p>Creating a paper isn't a simple undertaking that requests time, persistence, and information. Conceptualizing is the best strategy to acquire dawdling profitable. Such aptitudes will most likely facilitate your life. Or then again you might be preparing for the IELTS test. </p> <h2> A Startling Fact about Problem Solution Essay Samples Ielts Uncovered </h2> <p>There are needy individuals everywhere throughout the world. Initially, apparently a considerable amount of fault can be given to deficient eating regimen alongside the showcasing of unfortunate food toward youngsters and ladies. 1 explanation people incline toward cheap food is it is genuinely easy to obtain. To begin with, you must consider about issues that disturb you and others every day. </p> <h2> Top Choices of Problem Solution Essay Samples Ielts </h2> <p>Since you may see, the issue arrangement article is extremely straightforward after you know its fundamental c omponents. An issue arrangement exposition is a sort of contention. The absolute initial step to composing an issue arrangement paper is to perceive the difficult which will be talked about. Composing a great issue arrangement paper is a fundamental aptitude, for your profession as well as for your urban life too. </p> <p>Issue course of action article is a type of an investigation paper in which you depict a specific issue and attempt to find a method of understanding it. By method of model, Guns should be prohibited, is a wide articulation and doesn't present an authentic objective that perusers can sanction. End you simply win a review of the primary ideas and let your perusers comprehend what you believe is very significant (or maybe wrap everything up with a solid proposal). </p>

Choosing Nursing School Research Paper Topics

Choosing Nursing School Research Paper TopicsWhile there are a number of different nursing school research paper topics that you can choose from, finding the perfect topic for your particular research paper is the key to success in your course. Finding a topic that is both appropriate and suitable for the level of study that you are undertaking as well as being true to your own personal knowledge and thinking skills is going to be the most important part of the whole process.Nursing school research paper topics should be suited to the specific areas of study that you have chosen to undertake, but if you are not sure whether you are going to pursue the degree in this area or not, then you should be able to find out just how much content is needed to suit your own needs. You will also be able to assess whether it is going to be a study that you can fully concentrate on or if you will need to let someone else handle the majority of the work.If you are not sure whether you are able to co mplete the content on a particular subject, then you may want to consider outsourcing some of the work. It is very easy to sign up for a nursing school research paper that does not require you to do most of the work. However, before you agree to any such agreement, you should always make sure that you understand what is expected of you and that you can deliver the high standard of work that is expected of you.Nursing school research paper topics can be quite vast and encompass a range of subjects from anatomy and physiology, to medicine and the sciences. These topics will all include an abundance of information, so it can often be hard to find the type of detail that you require without also giving up information that you already have. Nursing school research paper topics should be able to provide you with everything that you require without the need to sacrifice too much information that you already have.A very important factor that should be considered is the subject of the paper. It is usually best to choose a subject that you are able to spend a lot of time in and that you enjoy. It may be worth considering going for a career in nursing that requires you to dedicate your spare time to research or even more technical subjects such as biology.If you have made a decision that you would like to do this course, then you may well be thinking about choosing the first subject that comes to mind. However, it is always best to start off by deciding what exactly you would like to do before you choose a topic. You will find that after doing some initial research and completing an essay on the subject, you will probably be able to decide which nursing school research paper topics that you would like to choose from.The online nursing school research paper topics that you will be able to complete can also be tailored to your specific research requirements. You will often find that the subjects that you have chosen can be fully tailored to your own needs and requirements. Your learning style and writing style are often going to be the determining factors as to whether your choice of topics are going to be suitable for you or not.Nursing school research paper topics can often be a great way of boosting your academic performance. However, you should not always choose the first topic that you find, as there is going to be plenty of material available that you could never come across in lectures or class and this is why it is wise to get some initial research in order to find out what exactly you are looking for. After all, what is the point of choosing a topic that you do not even like!

Educational Goals, Free Essay Sample

Educational Goals Educational goals are statements that refer to the skills, attributes, and competencies that a student should possess upon completing a particular learning program. Educational purposes may differ among various individuals. Some people just want to know how to read, write, speak and be able to do mathematical calculations. Others are in pursuit of knowledge so that they can lead a better life in future. Educational goals are meant to encourage learners to be creative and cooperate with one another rather than compete. Educational goals help students to learn how to apply the knowledge they acquired instead of only memorizing the work and give answers during tests. When I see children going to school I always ask myself what they will be like when they have finished their courses. Educational goals differ among individuals. The first goal of education is to be able to solve problems and think critically. Learning helps learners to look at things from all perspectives. The learning exercise helps students to open up their mind to how society works. It helps learners understand how the society we live in today came to be. Through history, learners can learn how our forefathers were able to solve various crises over the years. It is this kind of knowledge that helps learners to acquire skills that are important in decision making. People who are well educated are informed and can be able to define a right and wrong. It is this kind of thinking that helps one solve problems and make right decisions. Education plays a significant role in ones discipline. Learning institutions across the world are running on a specific routine. This routine helps an individual to know the importance of timekeeping, exercise and be able to work independently. School programmes help individuals to learn how to operate independently. School uniforms also help learners to appreciate the importance of neatness. Most institutions have a games programme. This helps students from different levels to come together and play. This promotes respect among the students whether you are young or old. Children are taught to respect their teachers hence they develop natural respect for their elders. The strict routine in our institutions today helps us to turn our young boy and girls into responsible men and women in society. Integrity and self-respect. Education is supposed to help the learner to become a morally upright citizen. By teaching us the consequences of bad behavior and immorality, knowledge helps us t o be better people. When people understand the implications of breaking laws and the effect it has on society, it creates awareness which makes people responsible hence law and order. Education promotes diversity. School helps us to learn how to write and speak various languages. Learning helps we learners to know how to do simple calculations. By learning on how to speak different languages, it enables people from different origins to share ideas, conduct business, and learn each others ways of life. Schools all over the world admit learners from different backgrounds, communities, races tribes and even countries. During their course of learning, this students share their different cultures, religious beliefs and come to care about one another. Through sharing, learners get to understand eachs unique ability and each others differences. By getting to understand each others point of difference they get to live well amongst themselves. Learning institutions promote social integration. It helps learners to learn more about other people and countries. Through education, people can work anywhere in the world and live peacefully with the locals. Give back to society. It is every childs dream to get educated, go to college, graduate and find a well-paying job and give back to society. Society helps bring us up, nurture us to be responsible adults. Our parents make it their lifes work to ensure that we get the best quality of education. They believe that once they have completed their responsibility, they will get to sit down and enjoy the fruits of their lifes work. Making our society a better place should be one of our primary educational goals.it is the hope of a better tomorrow that encourages us to work hard and aim higher. Giving back to society when we have achieved our dreams should be our primary educational goal. Helping the needy in society, ensuring that everyone has access to education, providing shelter for orphans and even taking care of the elderly in the community should be our principal goal because education is the key to a better way of life. Being lifelong learners is the most basic educational goal. Being passionate about knowledge and ready to take risks. A learner should be able to make great use of the world around them well. Education should not stop with a good job or old age. Education is a long life process. Our main objective should be to acquire all the knowledge we can. Have the moral courage to go to school even at old age, see anything new that you are interested in and follow it. Get every resource available on it, read many books on that particular subject, take a pen and a paper and write about it. Pass down the knowledge to others. Share ideas even after retirement, be a good example to people who look up to you. Prove to them that learning is a process and it never ends. To be creative, independent, a lifelong learner, able to read and write well, to have integrity, self-respect and moral courage, diversity, being able to solve problems and think critically, perseverance, giving back to the society and being able to make good use of the resources around us well and truly enjoy life, to me, this is the kind of educational goals that are real. Everyone believes that at the end of a learning programme, graduates should be disciplined, creative and courageous. These are the personal qualities that learners should aim at. I want to see graduates who care about themselves and the world. All these educational goals point into one direction; a thinker and a doer. That should be our only educational goal, being able to come up with ideas and execute them.

Why So Many Politicians Claim to Handle Social Issues?

<h1>Why So Many Politicians Claim to Handle Social Issues?</h1><p>What's the arrangement with lawmakers professing to 'handle' social issues? This is the issue in these political race seasons; social issues or social change? Or on the other hand would they say they are left for President Bush and Vice President Gore to manage? Is it a midway measure?</p><p></p><p>To answer this inquiry, we should investigate what politicians' identity is and what their thought processes are. What's your rationale and, obviously, who's not?</p><p></p><p>You are a lawmaker speaking to an ideological group and, in this manner, have an enthusiasm for controlling the open talk, where you will presumably be included. What's your motive?</p><p></p><p>We've seen instances of this political components since the times of Adam Smith, who expounded on 'the bizarre mystery that is religion.' Why might a government official ' attempt' to manage social issues when they realize the media will move to point the finger somewhere else? They do, yet what do they think about open talk that the media doesn't definitely know.</p><p></p><p>If one were to endeavor to do a thorough and constant appraisal of the media, one would concoct either counterfeit news or something increasingly confounded. From the media's viewpoint, in any case, there is nothing of the sort as a non-existent issue, there is just the truth of conflict.</p><p></p><p>The left needs things to remain the equivalent; they need to keep paying their government assistance check and all they are happy to do is watch the TV as our assessments go up, our military increases and increasingly out of date and we lose our opportunities. The correct needs everything to change and afterward, obviously, we have the entire discussion about Social Issues, the genuine idea of which we presently can't seem to discover .</p><p></p><p>Please think about this in 2020. We should discussion and afterward choose, before somebody gets injured and before one of us gets reprimanded. If you don't mind think about this in 2020. Think about this in 2020.</p>

Research Topics For Senior Paper

<h1>Research Topics For Senior Paper</h1><p>If you're a mother, you may find that looking into subjects for senior paper is a troublesome errand. Here are a few hints that will assist you with beginning. When you've wrapped up this article, you'll be well en route to composing your senior postulation on a subject that will intrigue you.</p><p></p><p>First, consider your senior year and what thoughts will intrigue you. Do you have any most loved side interests or interests? You could investigate these while composing your senior theory, or you should investigate these toward the finish of your senior year.</p><p></p><p>Once you have a point as a primary concern, the subsequent stage in explore subjects for senior paper is to design your examination venture. Obviously, there are numerous opportunities for themes for senior papers. At times, you'll need to accomplish more research to see which theme you pick as an option. </p><p></p><p>Some open doors for your senior proposition may incorporate a lesser research venture, entry level position, or social work temporary job. These might not generally be simple, so you may need to think about returning to class. Different choices might be to get a graduate degree, or you may wish to inquire about a point with a specific topic. Remember, nonetheless, that you won't really know the point from the beginning.</p><p></p><p>Another extraordinary thought is to take up a field that intrigues you. Do you appreciate planting? You can without much of a stretch research points for senior paper in cultivating or some other subject that motivates you.</p><p></p><p>In a few cases, your examination theme may include giving an introduction. You may need to build up an examination plan for your introduction or you might need to request that companions offer it to you.</p><p></p><p >Planning will assist you with your exploration and composing. Remember that looking into themes for senior paper isn't hard, however it requires arranging ahead.</p>

Unusual Article Uncovers the Deceptive Practices of Apprenons Persuasive Essay Samples

<h1> Unusual Article Uncovers the Deceptive Practices of Apprenons Persuasive Essay Samples </h1> <p>Essay composing is normally rehearsed is schools. Composing an exposition is a fundamental job in academe life. In most secondary schools, your capacity of composing this sort of article will be assessed in class. </p> <p>Students shouldn't need to wear school garbs because of the way that they limit understudies' ability to share their uniqueness. They need to compose articles relying upon the instructor's directions or their ideal style recorded as a hard copy. They have occupied existences and regularly disregard an up and coming cutoff time. They ought not need to wear uniforms.</p> <h2>The Pain of Apprenons Persuasive Essay Samples </h2> <p>After finding our site, you will no longer should trouble loved ones with these sorts of solicitations. Perusers ought to have the option to adjust the point of view of the creator and see from her or his eyes on where the individual in question coming from. At long last, you must convince perusers your proposals are sensible. </p> <h2> Get the Scoop on Apprenons Persuasive Essay Samples Before You're Too Late </h2> <p>A powerful in this way isn't difficult to learn and once you've cleaned the abilities it will end up being a stroll over. Our client care will happily disclose to you whether there are any extraordinary proposals right now, alongside ensure you are getting the absolute best assistance our business can deliver.</p> <p>While every specific basis has its particular bearings, to locate an awesome evaluation, you should figure out how to appropriately consolidate them. You should complete body it's the longest part of paper, here you'll bolster TS. You ought to have your reasons, and our chief concern is that you wind up getting an amazing evaluation. </p> <p>As soon as your composing is done, be sure to have an editorial manager audit your article for you. There are specific components that help decide the act of composing a convincing paper. The other extraordinary thing with this sort of an article is it very well may be done inside a day. These tips for composing influence expositions are among such guides.</p> <p>If you wish to make sense of how to make an excellent enticing paper, you're glancing in the right spot! At precisely the same time, it's an awesome powerful exposition thought. In the event that the subject isn't fascinating you're probably not going to make a not too bad convincing paper since there'll be nothing you may convince perusers of. It should be completely grown else it will be a bombed convincing paper. </p> <p>State your essential contention unequivocally. Research, examination and association are only a portion of the components that can empower you to create a powerful essay.</p> <p>It would be significantly increasingly hard to adjust your contentions to arrange to the theory, and it might decrease the value of your evaluation and the legitimacy of your contentions. Regardless of this issue, the structure is precisely the same for any enticing paper. The principle point of this sort of task is to give a factious examination on a particular theme. </p> <p>No, the objective of this blog entry is to show you exactly how to create an enticing article layout. An essential point is the point of the human body section. The entirety of the essential focuses should be succinctly referenced in the see. </p> <h2> Apprenons Persuasive Essay Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone </h2> <p>Persuasive expositions are certainly the most notable ones in the States. Our scholars will complete your work without any preparation so it's absolutely unique and thoroughly liberated from any dangers written falsification. Expound on the wellbeing issues American populace face today and endeavor to convince the peruser free medication is the absolute best way out.</p>

Essay Topics For Grade 5 Students

Essay Topics For Grade 5 StudentsFor school, essays are the most essential part of the lessons. In this article, I will talk about some of the essay topics for grade 5 students and provide them to you.It is mandatory for all students to have a topic on which they can concentrate on in their studies. Essay topics for grade 5 students come in many forms. You may select from a wide range of subjects. With a little effort and study, you will be able to find a topic that you like the most.I would like to first advise you that you should not give any assignment of your topic to grade students. This is because grading is an important part of the grades. Students who are not given the opportunity to write essays would take pleasure in that. Thus, they will definitely write short essays and will fail in their studies. To be able to avoid this, give them a choice to choose the topic, thus ensuring that they will choose wisely.The topic should also be selected carefully. You should read their p apers carefully. If they are focusing on certain topics, it is better for you to also do the same. Most of the subjects are based on facts. The data must be communicated clearly.To give you a better idea of the topics for grade 5 students, I will start with the topics that you can give them. Topics like Indian History and American History are good. You can take an interest in them to make them interesting. At the same time, you must keep in mind that the students must not forget that if they are looking for these topics, they must have passion in them.You should also consider writing about something that you know well. This will help you connect with the students as you share something that you are familiar with. The students will not forget to ask you about the subject in the essays that they will be writing.Essay topics for grade 5 students can also be based on books. You should give them topics related to popular books or other literature which they will read. Reading books is al so one of the best ways to be familiar with the students. Thus, you will be able to determine the level of interest for them.

Lawrence Kohlberg s Levels Of Morality - 1422 Words

Running head: LAWRENCE KHOLBERG’S LEVELS OF MORALITY Lawrence Kohlberg’s Levels of Morality And How We Can Relate Ourselves to his Theory Sarah Blasco Tri-County Technical College LAWRENCE KOHLBERG’S LEVELS OF MORALITY Abstract This purpose of this is to describe Kohlberg’s theory of morality in detail; I will describe each level that pertains to this theory and how they have affected me personally. Lawrence Kohlberg theory of moral development is divided into three different levels; the first level is the preconventional level followed by the conventional level, and then the postconventonal level. Within each of these levels, each level contains two different stages, resulting in six stages in all. Kohlberg’s was influenced by Jean Piaget’s theory, his theory focused on cognitive development, but he was motivated Piaget ‘s theory that described how a child develops moral understanding. It encouraged Kohlberg to research deeper and develop his theory of moral development more in depth. For Kohlberg’s research, he decided to use the interviewing technique using moral dilemmas. Kohlberg used several different techniques for his research strategies, but he had one famous di lemma, known as the â€Å"Heinz dilemma†, also defined as, pits the value of obeying the law (not stealing) against the value of human life (saving a dying person)† (Berk, 2014 pg. 323). Keywords: moral dilemmas, Heinz dilemma, preconventional, conventional,Show MoreRelatedKohlberg : Theory Of Moral Development997 Words   |  4 PagesLawrence Kohlberg: Theory of Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg was a well known psychologist best known for his thorough research into the development and better understanding of the processes needed to grow into a well developed human being. Kohlberg grew up in New York City on October 25, 1927. 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According to psychologists Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg it should have. Individually the two psychologists have made remarkable discoveries on how children develop and use their moral development. Jean Piaget, grew up in Switzerland in the late 1890’s and early 1900’s with his father, who was a dedicated historian. Around Paget’s early twenties he had the privilege of working with many influential peopleRead MoreMoral And Social Developments Of Children1337 Words   |  6 Pageschildren learn from the people around them to recognize the good and bad in this way begin to form their idea of morality. Researchers like as Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg carefully studied moral reasoning of children and girls. Both agree that moral development progresses slowly and is an orderly process that takes time. Piaget all its research center in the perception of children as Kohlberg came to adulthood. According to the psychologist, in her book Ramona Rubio Developmental Psychology (1992)Read MoreCriminal Justice : Kohlberg s Morality Theory Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice: Kohlberg’s Morality Theory Introduction Human beings have strived to find ways in which they can enhance their coexistence within the societies where they live. Peace and tranquility are may be rare if structures are not put in place to help control delinquent behaviors that are likely to be shown where different people from various social and cultural backgrounds exist. Crime and delinquency threaten humans’ existence. Certain behaviors are abhorred by various societies becauseRead MoreThe Moral Development And Value Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude where the majority of an individual’s morality is learned and how those teachings can be influenced by society. This paper will explore one of Lawrence Kohlberg’s stories concerning moral dilemma and the stages of development found in the numerous answers to that dilemma. My answer to Kohlberg’s dilemma will be captured and discussed too. Possible variations to moral value when strangers become a player in the dilemma. Ways in which morality does impact our interaction with our environmentRead MoreThe Theory Of Moral Development Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment was developed by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg and is a very interesting subject that stemmed from Jean Piaget’s theory of moral reasoning. this theory helped us to develop the understanding that morality starts from the early childhood years and can be affected by several factors. This theory encompasses the ideas that moral reasoning, which is considered the basis for moral behavior, has six identifiable developmental stages. According to Kohlberg the six stages of moral development areRead MoreKohlbergs Theory Of Moral Development Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesLawrence Kohlberg is best known for his theory of moral development. This is a psychological theory which Kohlberg was influenced by psychologists Jean Piaget and John Dewey stage of development. Kohlberg developed most of his ideas based on Piaget s theory of cognitive development. Accordingly, the theory of moral development consists of three levels of moral reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Additionally, it is broken down into two stages per level. Pe-conventionalRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Sexual Development1652 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud Interview Questions Anthony: How is morality developed in children? Freud: There is a three part process to the psyche structure that comprises of unique features that interact to form a whole. These parts consist of the id, the ego, and the superego. Each part of this structure makes a relative contribution to the child’s behavior. The id is the unconscious part of the structure which responds immediately to instincts. The ego mediates between the unrealistic id and the real worldRead MoreCognitive Control And Social Control Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesBurnett, Blakemore, S. J., 2008). There are two major aspects when it comes to adolescence: cognitive control and social control. The cognitive control focuses more on supervisory functions such as our working memory, decision making, self-consciousness, and attention distribution; while, the social control supports the individual being more sociable, forming more complex relationships and becoming more sensitive to acceptance and rejection by others (Steinberg, L. Morris, A. S., 2001). Th e adolescence

Birmingham international airport free essay sample

Operations management is concerned with the design, planning, control and improvement of an organization’s resources and processes to produce goods or services for customers.  Whether it is the provision of airport services, greetings cards, plastic buckets or holidays, operations managers will have been involved in the design, creation and delivery of those products or service each part of the airport – terminals, baggage handling services, aero plane servicing and catering, for example – has been carefully designed to fulfill not only its current role, but also with the possible demands of the next year and even the next 10 years in mind. Birmingham International Airport; is one of the busiest airport in the United Kingdom. Around 20 flight arrive at and depart from the Eurohub Terminal. Airport Personnel oversea a wide range of complex operations, including flights, passengers, terminals, airfield, facilities, staff, equipment, security and ground transportation. Across the runway and acres of tarmac, at the site of the original airport, the overnight freight operation is just beginning to wake up with the arrival of staff and the preparations for the first aircraft from Europe or the United States. Some of the 7000 staff from the 150 organizations based at Birmingham International Airport (BIA) sees to the needs of their customers. Identify some of the micro operations to be found at the airport. For each one : a) Identify the transforming and transformed resources. b) State which is the predominant transformed resource. c) Describe the output of each micro operation and say who you think its customers are. Answer: In this case study we have found some of the micro operations which have been applied in the Birmingham International Airport. These are as follows- Baggage Handling, Ticketing, Fuel Loading, Aircraft Cleaning, Building Maintenance etc. a) transforming and transformed resources – Transformed resources Transforming resources Bag Baggage Handler Ticket Ticketing Clerk Fuel Fuel Handler Plane Cleaner Building Maintenance Worker b) The predominant transformed resource is the plan. In Operation management plan is the most predominant transformed resource because by proper planning or by imposing proper plan BIA’s Operation Director Richard Heard make the BIA airport is one of the most profitable and organized airport in the world. c) The output of each micro operation and the customers and their outputs are as below – Micro Operation Output of Micro Operation Customer Output of Customer Baggage Handling Reach Destination Passenger Passenger Happy Ticketing Correct Ticket Information Passenger Passenger Satisfaction Fuel Loading Full the Plane Tank With Fuel Airlines Staff Safety Journey Aircraft Cleaning Clean Plane Passenger and Airlines Staff Clean Surrounding Building Maintenance Nice and Solid Building Users of That Particular Building Safe to be Use Question No. -2: Summarize the job of the operation director. What are the main issues/problems he faces in managing the airport? Answer: Operation Director is responsible for supervising the operation of the establishments, to ensure that the highest standards are achieved and maintained in accordance with quality assurance policies and that all legal specifications are adhered to in line with the Health and Safety Policy. The Director of Operations reports to the Chief Operating Officer. In the absence of the Director of Operations, the Chief is designated to exercise authority on behalf of the Director of Operations. Operations director also involve in set up the decision to be taken for long term. Another key task is operational planning. Richard Heard works as an Operation Director in BIA. The main problems he faces in managing the airport through decision making. He has to make a proper decision for coordinating and setting the safety and customer service standards for everyone. For this he need to decide who is going to get the air bridges, who is going to get certain stands, who is going to have their passengers bused to the terminal at peak times, and so on. Operational planning is about making the operation as efficient as possible by working out how they can best allocate their infrastructure to the airlines. Question No. -4: Discuss the relationship between the day-to-day tasks and the long-term issues and explain how Richard manages to oversee both at the same time? Answer: Day-to-day jobs or activity is that one’s anyone does every day as a normal part of your life, your job etc. For example-The manager is responsible for the day-to-day running of the hotel. Besides, long-term issues mean any bond issue which having a maturity for long period like 13 months or more. For example-long-term investment etc. There is a relationship between day-to-day tasks and long-term issues. Day-to-day task is involved in long-term issues, because if regular basis of work does not do properly it creates a long-term issue. In an airport management has to maintain the day-to-day activities. For maintaining long-term issues day-to-day task should be done properly. From this case study we see that the Operation Director Richard manages to oversee both day-to-day tasks and long-term issues at the same time. They have appointed terminal managers whose duty is to look after the day-to-day operational problems and they cover the airport 24 hours a day of the week with one senior manager who oversees each shift. The terminal major also deal with the major incidents like bomb threats, thus everyone will be saved and knows what is happening. As an operation director Richard maintains all of these activities for keeping the reputation of the airport for a long time. BIA’s mission is to be the best regional airport in Europe and for this they need to improve everything they do. They also create an impact on the local economy by encouraging inward investment and export. Introduction: Managing the airport is the job of operations director. Managing the airport here means, ensuring the smooth operations occur in and also outside the airport. Other than that is, the operations director must oversee his workers work. He must ensure that all of his workers done their work successfully. Ensuring smooth day to day operations also one of the operations director job. Operations director also involve in set up the decision to be taken for long term. The operations director job is about coordination and setting the safety and customer service standards for everyone to adhere to. Another key task is operational planning. Operational planning is about making the operation as efficient as possible by working out how to allocate the best infrastructure to the airlines.

Theory of Knowledge Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Theory of Knowledge Persuasive Essay Knowledge plays a crucial role in our lives, however we tend to accept the existence of it without really thinking how we came to know what we know. As Plato once said, â€Å"Knowledge is the food of the soul†, and with technology growing exponentially, we often forget that knowledge is not just some article on the internet. With the indoctrination of society claiming that the only key to success is through absorbing as much â€Å"information† as possible, we have undervalued the importance of experience, and what knowledge really is. Knowledge is information we attain and process, which we come to believe is true, through the nine epistemologies. Sense perception can be considered to be one of the strongest foundation for the basis of knowledge. We utilize our different senses to perceive what is true or false, similar to t, it matches to the correspondence theory. The correspondence theory is based on evident information that determines if a certain claim or statement matches to the reality. For example, I know a dog is biting my arm, because my arms can feel it, and I can see it chewing my arm. We will write a custom essay on Theory of Knowledge Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many people can disagree that sensory perception is flawed due to our knowledge filters, where our experience and emotion expect a certain thing, which would produce biased views towards a certain subject. An example of this idea could be from spending time in Magic Club. When a magician says he will put the card on the top of the deck, and when we see hit, we believe that the card chosen is at the top of the deck. In reality, the magician sneaked the card on the bottom, pretending to put it on the top. But to those who can see this trick can easily notice the truth, or the knowledge of where the card is. This can connect similarly to logic. Logic is another strong foundation for all source of knowledge. When my mom takes the grocery discount card with her when she leaves my house, she is going to the grocery store because she usually doesn’t bring it with her when she leaves the house. This analytic approach in what we see is a strong source of knowledge for 2 reasons: first, logic is basic and obvious information that we already know, and it does not interfere with our emotion. This means that it is straight out fact, with no doubts. Secondly, logic is â€Å"the science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference† (Dictionary. com) This states that logic is a reasoning that has been observed, experimented and assessed with firm roots of rationality. Sometimes, logic can backfire and create misunderstanding, when not observed properly. Logic can sometimes lead into more absurd knowledge. However, when taking the context into consideration, such problem does not tend to occur. Despite the different epistemologies that contributes to a stronger basis of knowledge, faith has proven to be one of the weak foundations of knowledge. Statistically, 2. 1 billion people on Earth are Christians. Therefore, there is only one unique god. This is a highly doubtful statement, especially when it contradicts with other religions, where another billion people believe in the existence of multiple gods. Faith, by definition, is complete trust or confidence in someone or something. This means that when I have faith in my teacher to give me an A on a research assignment, I still have the odds of receiving a lower score. Faith requires no empirical evidence, and is very impractical for those who wishes to fill their minds with pure justified beliefs. Despite our modern society undervaluing the importance of the nine epistemologies, it is empirical to say that we has people practice strong epistemologies such has utilizing sense perception and logically analyzing things we see. After all, maybe our souls can be fed with great finesse.

How Condensation and Evaporation Shape Our Weather

How Condensation and Evaporation Shape Our Weather Condensation and evaporation are two terms that appear early on and often when learning about weather processes. They are essential to understanding how water―which is always present (in some form) in the atmosphere―behaves. Condensation Definition Condensation is the process by which water residing in the air changes from  water vapor  (a gas) to liquid water. This happens when the water vapor is cooled to the dew point temperature, which leads to saturation. Anytime you have warm air rising up into the atmosphere, you can expect condensation to eventually occur. There are also many examples of condensation in our daily lives, such as the formation of water droplets on the outside of a cold drink. (When the cold drink is left sitting on a table, the moisture (water vapor) in the rooms air comes in contact with the cold bottle or glass, cools, and condenses on the drinks outside.) Condensation: a Warming Process Youll often hear condensation called a warming process, which can be confusing since condensation has to do with cooling. While condensation does cool the air inside of the air parcel, in order for that cooling to occur, that parcel must release heat into the surrounding environment. Thus, when speaking about the effect of condensation on the overall atmosphere, it warms it. Heres how it works:Remember from chemistry class that molecules in a gas are energetic and move very fast, while those in a liquid move slower. In order for condensation to happen, the water vapor molecules must release energy so that they can slow their movement. (This energy is hidden and is therefore called latent heat.) Thank Condensation for This Weather... A number of well-known weather phenomenon are caused by condensation, including: DewFogClouds Evaporation Definition The opposite of condensation is evaporation. Evaporation is the process of changing liquid water into water vapor (a gas). It transports water from the Earths surface to the atmosphere. (It should be noted that solids, like ice, can also evaporate or be transformed directly into a gas without first becoming a liquid. In meteorology, this is called  sublimation.) Evaporation: a Cooling Process For water molecules to go from a liquid to an energized gaseous state, they must first absorb heat energy. They do this by colliding with other water molecules. Evaporation is called a cooling process because it removes heat from the surrounding air. Evaporation in the atmosphere is a crucial step in the water cycle. Water on Earths surface will evaporate into the atmosphere as energy is absorbed by liquid water. Water molecules that exist in the liquid phase are free-flowing and in no particular fixed position. Once energy is added to water by heat from the sun, the bonds between the water molecules gain kinetic energy or energy in motion. They then  escape the surface of the liquid and become a gas (water vapor), which then rises  into the atmosphere. This process of water evaporating from the surface of the Earth happens continually and continually transports water vapor into the air.  The rate of evaporation depends on air temperature, wind speed, cloudiness. Thank Evaporation for This Weather... Evaporation is responsible for several weather phenomena, including: HumidityClouds

The Application of Value Engineering in the Saudi Construction Essay

The Application of Value Engineering in the Saudi Construction Industry - Essay Example However, since then all government departments in Saudi Arabia have switched to using value engineering, and the Saudi government has sincerely tried to encourage the construction industry in the nation to benefit from value engineering. Value engineering is even more important today for the Saudi Arabian construction industry because moderate growth forecasts for the GDP rate demand delivery of value under conditions of intense competition and difficulty in raising finance for construction projects. This literature review presents an examination of themes that emerge from published literature about value engineering, the Saudi Arabian construction industry and the application of value engineering in the Saudi Arabian construction industry. In the year 1902, when Ibn Saud captured the garrison town of Riyadh, it was just a dusty oasis in Najd (Businessweek, 2006, Pp. 1 – 2). However, according to the previously mentioned report, a surge in oil prices and a high rate of population growth has since then created a demand for sophisticated design and construction. Today, Riyadh is no longer a dusty oasis, but a beacon to a new age of engineering prowess and the Saudi construction industry has come a long way from the standards of the year 1902. In the year 2005, the construction market in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, of which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is also a member, achieved new heights in terms of the construction contracts awarded (AME Info, 2010, â€Å"Kuwait construction industry - hitting new heights†). According to the previously mentioned article, the value of the construction contracts for the GCC region doubled at the end of the year 2006 from the figure at the end of the year 2004 due to a rapid surge in the region’s real GDP following a boom in oil prices in the years 2003 - 2006. However, since then, according to Gulf (2010, Pp. 2 – 3), financing conditions for

Philosophy and theory of architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Philosophy and theory of architecture - Essay Example Common features however, are considerations such as aesthetics, proportion, and surroundings. Present changes revolve mainly around the need to cope with environmental concerns but the despising of modernism runs deeper. It is generally seen as lacking in character. Prince Charles champions the call for returning to more traditional styles of architecture. A case study of Regent’s Park Mosque in London showed the building is a blend of both Islamic and modernist architectural elements. It reflects the thinking at the time of its construction. Nonetheless, it is evident of the diversity of ideas and practices present today. Architecture, its underlying philosophies and a look at Regent’s Park Mosque This paper examines some theoretical underpinnings of architecture from a philosophical perspective. It shows how theories of design presuppose specific concepts and theories. A brief overview is made of some historical and contemporary architecture and a discussion follows o f present day changes in thinking on architecture. Attention is given to the views of Prince Charles on architecture as they represent those that are dissatisfied with modernism and who hearken back to earlier architectural thinking. The global environmental changes are also contributing to the changed approach. A case study is then made of a particular building in the UK in order to illustrate such ideas, namely the Regent’s Park Mosque in central London. Architecture is intricately related with philosophy. Architecture is after all an imposed organisation of a social space, and that space has to be designed with considerable thought. A certain intended expression is exuded, which holds associations and meanings for the people who see and use the building. Many important religious buildings for example, are designed to be imposing or soothing and evoke an appreciation and respect for the almighty being. They are designed to be experienced at a deeper level so they have stron g philosophical foundations. These and other planned buildings are typically large or otherwise of some importance. They affect the lives of people in some significant way or other. Beauty is one of the important features of the outcome of architectural planning and what we come to expect from a specially designed building. According to de Botton (2008), ideas of a meaningful life are what we consider to be beautiful in architecture. People love beautiful buildings because they represent the kind of ideas about the world we live in and ourselves that they can relate with. The theme of his book deals with the search to find the kind of dwellings in which people could stand the greatest chance of happiness. In doing so, he traces the development of various styles of architecture that have attempted to satisfy human needs and desires. However, the explanation for what makes for happiness is more psychological than philosophical. People do not only associate beauty in buildings with the ir feelings but also their thoughts, and their conception of what is ideal. Kantian philosophers link aesthetics with using logic for aesthetic judgment. They â€Å"suppose that free beauty is simply beauty, but the beauty of works in particular arts is judged beautiful in the light of some antecedent notion of artistic perfection† (Mitias, 1994: 3). That is to say, a specially planned building as opposed to an ordinary building is usually judged based on some understanding of its nature

Activation Of T Lymphocytes Essay Example for Free

Activation Of T Lymphocytes Essay Different types of T lymphocytes exist and each type performs a specialized function.   Helper T cells, also known as TH cells, serve as messengers of the immune system.   When helper T cells are activated, these cells proliferate and produce cytokines, which are small proteins that control the extent of immune response that a biological organism will express.   Several types of cytokines exist and each cytokine triggers the maturation of helper T cells into specific subtypes such as helper T cell subtype 1, 2 and 17 (Balandina et al. , 2005). Another type of T lymphocyte is the cytotoxic T cell (CTL), which is also known as the TC cell.   Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for the destruction of cells that were infected by viruses, as well as for the annihilation of tumor cells.   These cells also play a major role in determining whether a cell is normally part of the system or a foreign cell.   Cytotoxic T cells are known to be the first in line to react and reject if an organ transplanted into a recipient is not compatible in terms of tissue compatibility. The cytotoxic T cells that are associated with tissue rejection are designated at CD8+ T cells, based on the idea that these cytotoxic T cells produce a specific CD8 glycoprotein that is displayed on its cell membrane.   These CD8 glycoproteins interact with helper T lymphocytes, of which may trigger its transformation into regulatory T cells.   The major role of regulatory T cells is to inhibit the onset of an autoimmune disorder within the system of the organism. Another type of T lymphocyte is the memory T cell which is produced as soon as an infection occurs in an individual.   These specific T cells continue to circulate in the blood system for several months even when the infection has been stopped.   Memory T cells further differentiate into effector T cells when they find the same antigen that was associated with the previous infection, hence the term memory is appropriate to apply to this type of function.   Two general types of memory T cells include the central and effector cells.  Ã‚   Memory T cells are known to carry either the CD4 or the CD8 glycoprotein on its plasma membrane (Wildin et al., 2001). Regulatory T cells are another type of T lymphocytes that play a crucial role in sustaining the tolerance of the immune system (Khattri et al., 2003).   These T cells were earlier called suppressor T cells and their primary role is to prevent immunity that is caused by other T cells during the later stages of an immune response (Fontenot et al., 2003).   Regulatory T cells are also responsible for inhibiting the immune reaction towards other cells of the body or self cells because this is important in maintaining the stability of the entire immunological system. Specific conditions result in the immune response towards self cells and this is usually observed when the thymus experiences difficulty in distinguishing self cells from non-self or foreign cells.   There are two major types of CD4+ regulatory T cells that have been characterized.   Naturally occurring regulatory T cells originate from the thymus and are sometimes referred to as CD4/CD25/ForP3 T regulatory cells. The other major type of CD4+ regulatory T cell is the adaptive T regulatory cell which is produced when an innate immune response occurs.   This type of cell is also called Tr1 or Th3 cell (Hori et al., 2003).   A distinguishing feature that facilitates is the differentiation of naturally occurring T regulatory cells from the rest of types of T lymphocytes is the occurrence of the FoxP3 molecule that is situated within the cytoplasm.   Research has shown that mutations incurred in the FOXP3 gene results in the inability of regulatory T cells to differentiate, which in turn influences the onset of the lethal condition of autoimmunity. Another type of T lymphocyte is the natural killer T cell which is serves as the communicator between the adaptive and the innate immune systems.   Different from the standard T lymphocyte that identifies protein antigens that are harbored by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the natural killer T lymphocytes distinguish glycolipid antigens that are shown by the protein molecule CD1d.   The natural killer T lymphocyte is then activated and subsequently acquires the ability to execute specific functions that are related to Th and Tc cells, including the secretion of cytokines and the expression of cytolytic molecules that are responsible for the destruction of foreign cells that have invaded the body. Gamma-delta T lymphocytes represent a small subtype of T cells that carry a unique receptor on their plasma membrane.   Most of the T lymphocytes carry a receptor that is comprised by two strings of alpha and beta glycoproteins.   In gamma-delta T lymphocytes, the receptor is composed of a gamma and a delta glycoprotein string.   Gamma-delta T lymphocytes are quite rare, comprising only approximately 5% of the entire T lymphocyte population but are found in high concentrations in the epithelial lining of the stomach, as part of population of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Protein antigens that trigger a response from gamma-delta T cells have still yet to be determined.   It is interesting to know that gamma-delta T lymphocytes are not exclusively assigned to carry major histocompatibility complex molecules and are actually capable of identifying entire proteins than simply perceiving short protein chains carried by the major histocompatibility complex molecules on lymphocytes that harbor antigens. There are particular gamma-delta T cells that have the capacity to identify a specific type of major histocompatibility complex molecules, specifically class IB.   In the human immune system, the Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocyte makes up the majority of the gamma-delta T lymphocyte population that is circulating in the bloodstream.   These specific T lymphocytes have the function of quickly reacting to a tiny metabolite that originates from microorganisms, known as the isopentenyl pyrophosphate precursor.   Another type of T lymphocyte is the autoaggressive T cell which is highly specialized based on its ability to secrete the CD40 protein molecule (Miura et al., 2004).   CD40 is generally linked to T lymphocytes that present fragments of an antigen and this protein molecule is commonly produced by a subtype of T helper lymphocytes. Th40 cells are present in all human beings but the levels of this specific type of cells quickly increase during conditions of autoimmunity.   In patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the Th40 cells usually react to self-antigens.   In the case of patients diagnosed with non-autoimmune individuals, the Th40 lymphocytes do not react with these antigens.   An important function of the CD40 protein molecule on T lymphocytes is to trigger the recombinase proteins RAG1 and RAG2 in directing the receptor of a T lymphocyte. The receptor of a T lymphocyte serves as the route through which a T lymphocyte is able to identify a specific antigen.   It has been determined that the two recombinase proteins be produced exclusively in the thymus during the development of T lymphocytes.   It was, however, observed that the RAG proteins were secreted again by the T lymphocytes that were circulating in the bloodstream.   In addition, it was also observed that the CD40 protein associated with Th40 lymphocytes, resulting in the production of RAG proteins.   Subsequent to the expression of the RAG proteins, modifications in the receptor of the T cells take place, suggesting that the Th40 lymphocytes carry the ability to adapt for the entire duration of an individual’s life. The procedure of modifying the expression of the receptors of T cells that are circulating in the bloodstream has been names as TDR revision.   Research has reported that TCR revision influences the expansion of the repertoire of T lymphocytes, as well as generates T lymphocytes that are autoaggressive.   This observation therefore shows that the revision of the receptors of T cells is another method of T lymphocyte tolerance. THE DEVELOPMENT OF T LYMPHOCYTES IN THE THYMUS T lymphocytes are developed from the stem cells of the hematopoietic system which is located in the bone marrow.   These stem cells migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus, where they are expected to proliferate through the process of cell division and generate immature thymocytes.   Young thymocytes generally do not secrete any CD4 or CD8 proteins hence these cells have been described as CD4-CD8- cells. During their course of development, the young thymocytes acquire the capability of secreting CD4 and CD8 molecules and these thymocytes are now classified as CD4+CD8+ (Sakaguchi, 2000).   Further maturation of these cells involves the specific secretion of only one protein, either the CD4 or the CD8 molecule.   Once this has been determined in each thymocytes, these cells are then expelled by the thymus in order for them to circulate to the rest of the body.   Approximately 98% of the thymocytes produced by the thymus are expected to disintegrate during its maturation, resulting in only 2% of the thymocytes reaching maturity and categorically expelled by the thymus as immunocompetent T lymphocytes. Immature thymocytes that harbor the two types of antigens, CD4 and CD8, migrate into the core of the thymus in order to associate with antigens that are generated by the T lymphocyte.   These thymocytes interact with the major histocompatibility complex molecules that are present of the plasma membrane of the cells of the epithelium.   Only a specific fraction of thymocytes will be able to completely bind with the major histocompatibility complex molecules thus resulting in a signal that indicates the survival of the thymocyte. The rest of the thymocytes that were not able to achieve a complete association with the major histocompatibility complex molecules are thus classified as incapable of performing immune functions or even illicit an immune response.   This specific group of thymocytes thus undergoes the process of apoptosis, which involved the disintegration of the nucleus which eventually leads to cell death.   The cellular debris that results from the apoptotic pathway are enveloped and eaten by macrophages.   The entire process of differentiating immuno-competent from immuno-incompetent thymocytes based on the ability to illicit an immune reaction is known as positive selection. Thymocytes that endure positive selection travel towards the perimeter of the cortical and middle regions of the thymus. While situated in the middle region of the thymus, the thymocytes are presented with an antigen of its self in association with the major histocompatibility complex molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including the dendritic cells and macrophages.   Thymocytes that intensely associate with the antigen are sent a signal that induces their programmed death and the rest of the thymocytes that were first generated are trigger to disintegrate during this selection process in the thymus. A small fraction of the cells that survived is induced to develop regulatory T cells.   The other cells subsequently depart the thymus as differentiation naive T lymphocytes.   This mechanism is designated as negative selection, an essential process of immunological tolerance that controls the development of T lymphocytes that react to self cells and are able of to cause an autoimmune disease in the body of an individual (Shevach, 2000). Although the specific mechanisms of activation vary slightly between different types of T cells, the two-signal model in CD4+ T cells holds true for most. Activation of CD4+ T cells occurs through the engagement of both the T cell receptor and CD28 on the T cell by the Major histocompatibility complex peptide and B7 family members on the APC respectively. Both are required for production of an effective immune response; in the absence of CD28 co-stimulation, T cell receptor signalling alone results in anergy. The signalling pathways downstream from both CD28 and the T cell receptor involve many proteins. The first signal is provided by binding of the T cell receptor to a short peptide presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on another cell. This ensures that only a T cell with a TCR specific to that peptide is activated. The partner cell is usually a professional antigen presenting cell (APC), usually a dendritic cell in the case of naà ¯ve responses, although B cells and macrophages can be important APCs. The peptides presented to CD8+ T cells by MHC class I molecules are 8-9 amino acids in length; the peptides presented to CD4+ cells by MHC class II molecules are longer, as the ends of the binding cleft of the MHC class II molecule are open. The second signal comes from co-stimulation, in which surface receptors on the APC are induced by a relatively small number of stimuli, usually products of pathogens, but sometimes breakdown products of cells, such as necrotic-bodies or heat-shock proteins (Brunkow et al., 2001). The only co-stimulatory receptor expressed constitutively by naà ¯ve T cells is CD28, so co-stimulation for these cells comes from the CD80 and CD86 proteins on the APC. Other receptors are expressed upon activation of the T cell, such as OX40 and ICOS, but these largely depend upon CD28 for their expression. The second signal licenses the T cell to respond to an antigen. Without it, the T cell becomes anergic and it becomes more difficult for it to activate in future. This mechanism prevents inappropriate responses to self, as self-peptides will not usually be presented with suitable co-stimulation. The T cell receptor exists as a complex of several proteins. The actual T cell receptor is composed of two separate peptide chains which are produced from the independent T cell receptor alpha and beta (TCR? and TCR?) genes. The other proteins in the complex are the CD3 proteins; CD3 and CD3 heterodimers and most importantly a CD3? homodimer which has a total of six ITAM motifs. The ITAM motifs on the CD3? can be phosphorylated by Lck and in turn recruit ZAP-70. Lck and/or ZAP-70 can also phosphorylate the tyrosines on many other molecules, not least CD28, Trim, LAT and SLP-76, which allows the aggregation of signalling complexes around these proteins. Phosphorylated LAT recruits SLP-76 to the membrane, where it can then bring in PLC?, VAV1, Itk and potentially PI3K. Both PLC? and PI3K act on PI(4,5)P2 on the inner leaflet of the membrane to create the active intermediaries di-acyl glycerol (DAG), inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and phosphatidlyinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). DAG binds and activates some PKCs, most importantly in T cells PKC?, which is important for activating the transcription factors NF-?B and AP-1. IP3 is released from the membrane by PLC? and diffuses rapidly to activate receptors on the ER which induce the release of calcium. The released calcium then activates calcineurin, and calcineurin activates NFAT, which then translocates to the nucleus. NFAT is a transcription factor which activates the transcription of a pleiotropic set of genes, most notably IL-2, a cytokine which promotes long term proliferation of activated T cells. Overview of interactions between T cells and APCs T cells are a subset of lymphocytes that play a large role in the cell-mediated immune response of adaptive immunity. T lymphocytes are divided into 2 major classes distinguished by the expression of the cell surface molecules CD4 or CD8. CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) primarily destroy virus-infected cells whereasCD4 helper T lymphocytes are involved in activating B cells and macrophages. The response of both classes of T lymphocytes is dependent on interactions through the T cell receptor (TCR) and coreceptors (CD4 or CD8) with target APCs that present peptides in the context of MHC class I or class II molecules. MHC class I and class II molecules are structurally similar but differ in their source of antigenic peptide and in the transport mechanisms for their peptides. Class I MHC molecules present self peptides or viral products from the cytosol to CD8 T lymphocytes, whereas MHC class II molecules present peptides from pathogens that either reside or were endocytosed into intracellular compartments (Fontenot and Rudensky, 2005). T cells are activated on encountering antigen, which results in either lysis of target cells by CD8 T lymphocytes or recruitment of other effector cells by CD4 cells.   Modulation of the plasma membrane alters the T cell Ca2+ response.   A series of studies from showedthat unsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) could inhibit specific aspects of cytotoxic T cell function by perturbing membranes.   Initially, it was shown that short-term exposure of murine allogeneic effector T cells to low levels of unsaturated FFAs (10 mol/L), including PUFAs, inhibited lysis of target APCs. The change in lysis of target cells was a direct consequence of the FFA added to the CTLs, because lysis could be inhibited by extracting the unsaturated FFA with bovine serum albumin before CTL-target conjugation. Specific aspects of T cell function inhibited by unsaturated lipids included the initial rise in intracellular [Ca2+] on conjugate formation, protein phosphorylation events and subsequent CTL esterase release.   On the other hand, release of inositol phosphates and binding to target cells were unaffected. Because the inhibition in CTL calcium release linearly correlated with the decrease in membrane acyl chain order induced by the presence of increasing unsaturation in the plasma membrane , it was hypothesized that modulation of membrane structure affected T cell Ca2+ signaling. References Balandina A, Lecart S, Dartevelle P, Saoudi A and Berrih-Aknin S (2005):   Functional defect of regulatory CD4( )CD25 T cells in the thymus of patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Blood   105:735–741. Brunkow ME, Jeffery EW, Hjerrild KA, Paeper B, Clark LB, Yasayko SA, Wilkinson JE, Galas D, Ziegler SF and Ramsdell F (2001):   Disruption of a new forkhead/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse. Nat. Genet.   27:68–73. Fontenot JD, Gavin MA and Rudensky AY (2003):   Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4-CD25 regulatory T cells. Nat. Immunol.   4:330–336. Fontenot JD and Rudensky AY (2005):   A well adapted regulatory contrivance:   Regulatory T cell development and the forkhead family transcription factor Foxp3. Nat. Immunol. 6:331–337. Hori S, Nomura T and Sakaguchi S (2003):   Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3. Science 299:1057–1061 Khattri R, Cox T, Yasayko SA and Ramsdell F (2003):   An essential role for Scurfin in CD4-CD25 T regulatory cells. Nat. Immunol.   4:337–342. Miura Y, Thoburn CJ, Bright EC, Phelps ML, Shin T, Matsui EC, Matsui WH, Arai S, Fuchs EJ and Vogelsang GB (2004):   Association of Foxp3 regulatory gene expression with graft-versus-host disease. Blood   104:2187–2193. Sakaguchi S (2000):   Regulatory T cells: key controllers of immunologic self-tolerance.   Cell 101:455–458. Shevach EM (2000): Regulatory T cells in autoimmmunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol.   18:423–449. Wildin RS, Ramsdell F, Peake J, Faravelli F, Casanova JL, Buist N, Levy-Lahad E, Mazzella M, Goulet O and Perroni L (2001): X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome is the human equivalent of mouse scurfy. Nat. Genet.   27:18–20.

Pragmatism as a Philosophy :: Skepticism, Rationalism, Metaphysics

I have often heard people use the word pragmatic to describe actions, laws or feelings, but I never really looked at pragmatism as a philosophy before. As we studied this semester I found myself asking one question about each philosophy we covered. We discussed skepticism and the claim that we have no knowledge (Lawhead, W., The Philosophical Journey, 2009, p. 55). We compared rationalism and empiricism which posit that we do have knowledge, but disagree on whether that knowledge comes from intellect or experience (Lawhead, p. 55). Along with that we covered Kant’s attempt bridge the gap between rationalism and empiricism, known as constructivism (Lawhead, p. 120). We moved on to the different varieties of relativism, and I still found myself asking the same thing. So what? In other words, does any of this really matter? Then we got to pragmatism, and I found that it asked the same question. Pragmatism looks for the practical value of a belief. If I look at the oth er subjects we have studied pragmatically, I can determine which ideas have the most value to me. Apart from the epistemological philosophies, another area we have also covered is metaphysics. Within metaphysics we have covered dualism and two forms of monism, materialism and idealism. Each of these beliefs deal with what reality actually is. Idealism claims there is one type of reality and that it is mental or spiritual in nature (Lawhead, p. 97). If, as Berkeley claims, matter is a useless concept (Lawhead, p. 206), it would be useless for us to try manipulating the world around us. Since we do try to manipulate our world, Berkeley’s idealism does not work with how we live. It is not practical. The other form of monism, materialism, more specifically physicalism, may hold more practical value than idealism. In materialism, reality is entirely physical (Lawhead, p. 205). Physicalism is a materialist view that the mind can be completely explained by the physical makeup of the brain (Lawhead, p. 214). This has practical value because it leads to the ability to study the min d, and allows the mind to interact with the rest of the world. This form of monism seems to be the more practical of the two, but monism is not the only way to look at reality. Pragmatism as a Philosophy :: Skepticism, Rationalism, Metaphysics I have often heard people use the word pragmatic to describe actions, laws or feelings, but I never really looked at pragmatism as a philosophy before. As we studied this semester I found myself asking one question about each philosophy we covered. We discussed skepticism and the claim that we have no knowledge (Lawhead, W., The Philosophical Journey, 2009, p. 55). We compared rationalism and empiricism which posit that we do have knowledge, but disagree on whether that knowledge comes from intellect or experience (Lawhead, p. 55). Along with that we covered Kant’s attempt bridge the gap between rationalism and empiricism, known as constructivism (Lawhead, p. 120). We moved on to the different varieties of relativism, and I still found myself asking the same thing. So what? In other words, does any of this really matter? Then we got to pragmatism, and I found that it asked the same question. Pragmatism looks for the practical value of a belief. If I look at the oth er subjects we have studied pragmatically, I can determine which ideas have the most value to me. Apart from the epistemological philosophies, another area we have also covered is metaphysics. Within metaphysics we have covered dualism and two forms of monism, materialism and idealism. Each of these beliefs deal with what reality actually is. Idealism claims there is one type of reality and that it is mental or spiritual in nature (Lawhead, p. 97). If, as Berkeley claims, matter is a useless concept (Lawhead, p. 206), it would be useless for us to try manipulating the world around us. Since we do try to manipulate our world, Berkeley’s idealism does not work with how we live. It is not practical. The other form of monism, materialism, more specifically physicalism, may hold more practical value than idealism. In materialism, reality is entirely physical (Lawhead, p. 205). Physicalism is a materialist view that the mind can be completely explained by the physical makeup of the brain (Lawhead, p. 214). This has practical value because it leads to the ability to study the min d, and allows the mind to interact with the rest of the world. This form of monism seems to be the more practical of the two, but monism is not the only way to look at reality.